We use reported speech to talk about what someone else has said.
Be careful with the tenses! When you report what someone said in the present simple it changes to past simple, the past simple changes to the past perfect, the present continuous changes to past continuous and present perfect changes to past perfect.
Exceptions:
If the statement was made in past perfect, it doesn't change.
You don't change the tenses with a reporting verb in present, future or present perfect tense. For example: She says, “I like reading books.” - She says that she likes reading books.
If you express a universal truth or a habitual fact, tenses remain unchanged as well. For example: My mum said, “The sun always rises in the east.“ - My mum said that the sun always rises in the east.
Be careful: Use the right pronouns! Statement: Robert: “This is my house.“ - Robert said that that was his house.